JHER is committed to high ethical standards in scholarly publishing and expects all parties involved in the publication process—including authors, editors, reviewers, and the publisher or journal owner—to act responsibly, honestly, and professionally.

Responsibilities of Authors
Authors should submit original work, present data accurately, acknowledge all sources, avoid plagiarism and redundant publication, disclose funding and conflicts of interest, and ensure that all named authors have made genuine contributions to the work. Where research involves human participants, personal data, or sensitive materials, appropriate ethical approval and informed consent should be obtained and disclosed where necessary.

Responsibilities of Editors
Editors should evaluate manuscripts on scholarly merit, relevance, clarity, and policy compliance, without discrimination based on personal characteristics or institutional affiliation. Editors should manage submissions confidentially, avoid conflicts of interest, and respond appropriately to ethical concerns, complaints, and appeals.

Responsibilities of Reviewers
Reviewers should treat manuscripts as confidential, provide objective and constructive comments, disclose any conflict of interest, and decline review where they are not suitably qualified or cannot review within a reasonable time.

Publication Malpractice
The journal does not tolerate plagiarism, data fabrication, data falsification, citation manipulation, image manipulation that misleads readers, inappropriate authorship practices, undisclosed conflicts of interest, peer review manipulation, or other forms of scholarly misconduct.

Complaints and Ethical Concerns
Where allegations of misconduct arise, the journal may request explanations, supporting documents, ethics approvals, raw data, or institutional clarification. The journal may pause editorial consideration or post-publication handling while concerns are being investigated.

Corrective Action
Where ethical breaches are confirmed or strongly supported by evidence, the journal may reject the manuscript, issue a correction, publish an expression of concern, retract the article, notify relevant institutions, or take any other proportionate action necessary to protect the scholarly record.

In administering ethical issues, the journal may consult recognised international publishing ethics guidance and apply procedures proportionate to the seriousness of the concern.